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What is RAG?

Retrieval-Augmented Generation - A technique where an LLM retrieves external documents at inference time and uses them to ground its answer. Powers Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, and AI Overviews.

Definition

RAG combines a retrieval step (search a knowledge base or the live web for relevant documents) with a generation step (the LLM synthesises an answer using the retrieved context). This is what enables citations - the model can name the source it used. For SEO purposes, optimizing for RAG-based surfaces is closest to classic SEO plus extractability work.

Why it matters

RAG sits in the "Signals & ranking" layer of the AI search stack. Teams that handle it well get cited more, recommended more, and earn more of the AI-mediated revenue in their category. Teams that ignore it spend a year wondering why their content investment never moves the needle inside ChatGPT or Perplexity.

Related terms

  • ChatGPT Search - OpenAI's live-retrieval mode inside ChatGPT - pulls real-time web results, cites them, and answers in the chat surface.
  • Perplexity - A dedicated answer engine that retrieves the web in real time and synthesises answers with inline citations.
  • AI Overviews - Google's generative-AI answer box at the top of search results, powered by Gemini. Now appears for more than half of qualifying US queries.
  • Grounding - Augmenting an LLM's answer with retrieved evidence so the model can cite verifiable sources, rather than relying on training memory alone.
  • Extractability - How easily an LLM can lift a clean, summarisable answer from your page. High extractability dramatically increases citation rate on grounded surfaces.

Apply it

The LLM SEO playbook ties every concept in this glossary into a single operating model. If you want to see how your brand performs across all the LLMs at once - mention rate, citation share, sentiment, rank - start with the free GEO audit or skip straight to a free Livesov account.

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